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Capital punishment is legal in the U.S. state of Florida. Florida was the first state to reintroduce the death penalty after the Supreme Court of the United States struck down all statutes in the country in the 1972 ''Furman v. Georgia'' decision, and the first to perform a post-''Furman'' involuntary execution in 1979. The only person until then who had been executed during the post-''Furman'' period was Gary Gilmore, who volunteered to be executed in Utah, in 1977, effectively ending the national moratorium on the death penalty which had been in effect since 1967. Since ''Furman'', 91 convicted murderers have been executed by the State of Florida, all at Florida State Prison, which possesses the state's sole remaining death chamber.〔http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/deathrow/execlist.html〕 As of November 7, 2015, 391 inmates are awaiting execution.〔http://www.dc.state.fl.us/activeinmates/deathrowroster.asp〕 == Crimes punishable by death == In the pre-''Furman'' period, murder was not the only capital crime. People were also sentenced and executed for rape (until the end of the pre-''Furman'' period), and in earlier years also for aiding runaway slaves. Currently, Florida's capital crimes are:〔(Crimes Punishable by the Death Penalty )〕 * First-degree murder * Felony-murder * Capital drug trafficking * Capital sexual battery (Under Florida law, A person 18 or over who commits sexual battery or attempts to commit sexual battery on a child that injures the sexual organs of a child under 12 years of age commits a capital felony and shall be punished by the death penalty or with life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.) Due to the Supreme Court case ''Coker v. Georgia'' in 1977, only those convicted of murder may receive the death penalty. Coker's holding however was specific in that the eighth amendment prohibited the death penalty for rape of an adult. The United States Supreme Court remained silent on the issue of death for rape of a child. The Florida Supreme Court however held that under the reasoning of Coker, death was a disproportionate penalty for rape of a child; the Court in doing so relied on the cruel or unusual punishment clause of the Florida State constitution which could have had a different meaning than the Constitution of the United States. Florida voters however approved an initiative that amended the Florida constitution to state that the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments found in the Constitution of the state of Florida has the same meaning and effect as the eighth amendment to the Constitution of the United States. In 2008, the United States Supreme Court in ''Kennedy v. Louisiana'' limited the death penalty to only crimes which result in an individual's death, crimes against the state (i.e. espionage, treason) or drug trafficking, relying on the Eighth Amendment in parallel with the ultimate holding of the Florida Supreme Court. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Capital punishment in Florida」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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